Nanoarheje
| Nanoarheje | |
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| Nanoarcheotum Nanopusillus acidilobi pritrjen na Acidilobus. | |
Znanstvena klasifikacija 
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| Domena: | Archaea (arheje) |
| Naddeblo: | DPANN |
| Deblo: | Nanoarchaeota (nanoarheje) |
| Razred: | Nanobdellia Kato et al. 2022 |
| Rod | |
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| Sinonimi | |
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Nanoarheje (znanstveno ime Nanoarchaeota; grško »pritlikavi ali majhen starodavni«) je predlagano deblo (Candidatus Nanoarchaeota) v domeni arhej (Archaea)[1], ki trenutno vključuje samo enega predstavnika, Nanoarchaeum equitans, ki je bil odkrit v podmorskem hidrotermalnem izviru in prvič opisan leta 2002.[2]
Taksonomija
[uredi | uredi kodo]Člani nanoarhej so povezani z različnimi gostiteljskimi organizmi in okoljskimi pogoji.[3] Kljub majhnosti, zmanjšanemu genomu in omejenemu dihanju imajo nenavadne presnovne značilnosti. Na primer, N. equitans ima zapleten in zelo razvit sistem za medcelično komunikacijo.[4]
Filogenija nanoarhej temelji na njenem edinem kultiviranem predstavniku, Nanoarchaeum equitans, ki se uvršča v ločeno evolucijsko skupino v primerjavi z drugimi arhejami,[5][6] ki so bile nedavno na novo razvrščene. Nadaljnje analize so pokazale, da se je N. equitans zgodaj odcepil od evolucije arhej, kar so ugotovili na podlagi zaporedja 16S rRNA. To pomeni, da imajo posebno in starodavno mesto med arhejami.[7]
Trenutno sprejeta razvrstitev temelji na uradnem taksonomskem Seznamu veljavnih prokariontskih imen (LPSN)[8] in Nacionalnem centru za biotehnološke informacije (NCBI).[9]
| Filogenija Nanobdellota[10][11][12] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- Razred Nanobdellia Kato et al. 2022[13] ["Nanoarchaea" Huber et al. 2011;[14] "Nanoarchaeia" Vazquez-Campos et al. 2021[15]]
- Red Nanobdellales Kato et al. 2022[13] [Nanoarchaeales Huber et al. 2011[14]]
- Družina "Nanoarchaeaceae" Huber et al. 2011[14]
- Rod "Nanoarchaeum" Huber et al. 2002[2]
- "N. equitans" Huber et al. 2002[2]
- Rod "Nanoarchaeum" Huber et al. 2002[2]
- Družina Nanobdellaceae Kato et al. 2022[13] ["Nanopusillaceae" Huber et al. 2011[14]]
- Družina "Nanoarchaeaceae" Huber et al. 2011[14]
- Red "Tiddalikarchaeales" Vazquez-Campos et al. 2021[15]
- Red "Jingweiarchaeales" Rao et al. 2023
- Družina "Jingweiarchaeaceae" Rao et al. 2023
- Rod "Candidatus Jingweiarchaeum" Rao et al. 2023
- "Ca. J. tengchongense" Rao et al. 2023
- Rod "Candidatus Jingweiarchaeum" Rao et al. 2023
- Družina "Jingweiarchaeaceae" Rao et al. 2023
- Red JAPDLS01
- Družina "Haiyanarchaeaceae" Rao et al. 2023
- Rod "Candidatus Haiyanarchaeum" Rao et al. 2023
- "Ca. H. thermophilum" Rao et al. 2023
- Rod "Candidatus Haiyanarchaeum" Rao et al. 2023
- Družina "Haiyanarchaeaceae" Rao et al. 2023
- Red "Parvarchaeales" Rinke et al. 2020[18]
- Družina "Parvarchaeaceae" Rinke et al. 2020[18] ["Acidifodinimicrobiaceae" Luo et al. 2020[19]]
- Red Nanobdellales Kato et al. 2022[13] [Nanoarchaeales Huber et al. 2011[14]]
Značilnosti
[uredi | uredi kodo]Celice N. equitans so sferične oblike s premerom približno 400 nm[2]njihov genom pa je zelo kratek in kompakten, saj vsebuje le 490.885 baznih parov.[6] Čeprav imajo genetsko kodo za izvajanje procesov, kot sta obdelava in popravilo DNA, ne morejo izvajati določenih biosintetičnih in metaboličnih procesov, kot so sinteza lipidov, aminokislin, kofaktorjev ali nukleotidov.[6] Zaradi teh omejitev je N. equitans obvezen parazit in edina znana arheja s to lastnostjo.[6] Zaradi nenavadnih zaporedij ss rRNA jih je težko zaznati z običajno metodo verižne reakcije s polimerazo.[21] Celice imajo tudi značilno S-plast s šestkratno simetrijo s mrežno konstanto 15 nm.[21]
Struktura genoma
[uredi | uredi kodo]Za nanoarheje so značilne majhne celice s premerom med 100 in 400 nm in zelo poenostavljeni genomi velikosti 0,491–0,606 Mbp.[22] Genomi opisanih nanoarhej kažejo različne stopnje redukcije, kar je skladno z življenjskim slogom, odvisnim od gostitelja.[23] Nekatere nanoarhje imajo še vedno gene za sisteme CRISPR-Cas, arhejske bičke in pot glukoneogeneze.[24]
Habitat
[uredi | uredi kodo]Nanoarheje so obvezni simbionti, ki rastejo pritrjeni na arhejskega gostitelja, znanega kot Ignicoccus.[25] Najdeni so bili v zemeljskih termalnih vrelcih in podmorskih hidrotermalnih izvirih.[26] Vendar pa genetske analize kažejo, da živijo tudi v drugih okoljih, kot so zemeljski vroči vrelci in hiperslani habitati.[3] Poleg tega odkritje ribosomskih zaporedij v vzorcih vode fotičnega območja, vzetih daleč od hidrotermalnih vrelcev, povečuje možnost, da so nanoarheje razširjena in raznolika skupina arhej, ki prebivajo v okoljih z različnimi temperaturami in geokemičnimi lastnostmi.[3]
Presnova
[uredi | uredi kodo]Čeprav velik del presnove članov nanorhej ni znan, je njihov gostitelj avtotrof, ki raste na elementarnem žveplu kot sprejemniku elektronov in H2 kot darovalcu elektronov.[26] Večini prepoznanih presnovnih procesov, kot je tvorba monomerov, kot so aminokisline, nukleotidi in koencimi, v tem organizmu nima prepoznavnih genov.[26]
Glej tudi
[uredi | uredi kodo]Sklici
[uredi | uredi kodo]- ↑ Glej NCBI webpage on Nanoarchaeota. Data extracted from the »NCBI taxonomy resources«. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Pridobljeno 19. marca 2007.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Huber, Harald; Hohn, Michael J.; Rachel, Reinhard; Fuchs, Tanja; Wimmer, Verena C.; Stetter, Karl O. (Maj 2002). »A new phylum of Archaea represented by a nanosized hyperthermophilic symbiont«. Nature (v angleščini). 417 (6884): 63–67. Bibcode:2002Natur.417...63H. doi:10.1038/417063a. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 11986665. S2CID 4395094.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Munson-McGee, Jacob H.; Field, Erin K.; Bateson, Mary; Rooney, Colleen; Stepanauskas, Ramunas; Young, Mark J. (15. november 2015). Wommack, K. E. (ur.). »Nanoarchaeota, Their Sulfolobales Host, and Nanoarchaeota Virus Distribution across Yellowstone National Park Hot Springs«. Applied and Environmental Microbiology (v angleščini). 81 (22): 7860–7868. Bibcode:2015ApEnM..81.7860M. doi:10.1128/AEM.01539-15. ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 4616950. PMID 26341207.
- ↑ Jarett, Jessica K.; Nayfach, Stephen; Podar, Mircea; Inskeep, William; Ivanova, Natalia N.; Munson-McGee, Jacob; Schulz, Frederik; Young, Mark; Jay, Zackary J.; Beam, Jacob P.; Kyrpides, Nikos C.; Malmstrom, Rex R.; Stepanauskas, Ramunas; Woyke, Tanja (17. september 2018). »Single-cell genomics of co-sorted Nanoarchaeota suggests novel putative host associations and diversification of proteins involved in symbiosis«. Microbiome. 6 (1): 161. doi:10.1186/s40168-018-0539-8. ISSN 2049-2618. PMC 6142677. PMID 30223889.
- ↑ Castelle, Cindy J.; Banfield, Jillian F. (2018). »Major New Microbial Groups Expand Diversity and Alter our Understanding of the Tree of Life«. Cell. 172 (6): 1181–1197. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.02.016. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 29522741. S2CID 3801477.
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 Waters, Elizabeth; Hohn, Michael J.; Ahel, Ivan; Graham, David E.; Adams, Mark D.; Barnstead, Mary; Beeson, Karen Y.; Bibbs, Lisa; Bolanos, Randall; Keller, Martin; Kretz, Keith; Lin, Xiaoying; Mathur, Eric; Ni, Jingwei; Podar, Mircea (28. oktober 2003). »The genome of Nanoarchaeum equitans: Insights into early archaeal evolution and derived parasitism«. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (v angleščini). 100 (22): 12984–12988. Bibcode:2003PNAS..10012984W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1735403100. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 240731. PMID 14566062.
- ↑ Garrett, Roger A.; Klenk, Hans-Peter, ur. (8. december 2006). »Archaea«. (v angleščini). Malden, MA, USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi:10.1002/9780470750865. ISBN 978-0-470-75086-5.
{{navedi knjigo}}: Manjkajoč ali prazen|title=(pomoč) - ↑ J.P. Euzéby. »Phylum "Candidatus Nanoarchaeota"«. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Pridobljeno 17. novembra 2021.
- ↑ Sayers; in sod. »Nanoarchaeota«. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Pridobljeno 5. junija 2021.
- ↑ »GTDB release 09-RS220«. Genome Taxonomy Database. Pridobljeno 10. maja 2024.
- ↑ »ar53_r220.sp_label«. Genome Taxonomy Database. Pridobljeno 10. maja 2024.
- ↑ »Taxon History«. Genome Taxonomy Database. Pridobljeno 10. maja 2024.
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 Kato, Shingo; Ogasawara, Ayaka; Itoh, Takashi; Sakai, Hiroyuki D.; Shimizu, Michiru; Yuki, Masahiro; Kaneko, Masanori; Takashina, Tomonori; Ohkuma, MoriyaYR 2022 (2022). »Nanobdella aerobiophila gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermoacidophilic, obligate ectosymbiotic archaeon, and proposal of Nanobdellaceae fam. nov., Nanobdellales ord. nov. and Nanobdellia class. nov«. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 72 (8): 005489. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005489. ISSN 1466-5034. PMID 35993221. S2CID 251720962.
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 14,3 Trujillo, Martha E; Dedysh, Svetlana; DeVos, Paul; Hedlund, Brian; Kämpfer, Peter; Rainey, Fred A; Whitman, William B, ur. (17. april 2015). Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (v angleščini) (1 izd.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781118960608.obm00129. ISBN 978-1-118-96060-8.
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 15,3 15,4 Vázquez-Campos, Xabier; Kinsela, Andrew S.; Bligh, Mark W.; Payne, Timothy E.; Wilkins, Marc R.; Waite, T. David (2021). »Genomic Insights Into the Archaea Inhabiting an Australian Radioactive Legacy Site«. Frontiers in Microbiology. 12: 732575. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.732575. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 8561730. PMID 34737728.
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 St. John, Emily; Liu, Yitai; Podar, Mircea; Stott, Matthew B.; Meneghin, Jennifer; Chen, Zhiqiang; Lagutin, Kirill; Mitchell, Kevin; Reysenbach, Anna-Louise (1. januar 2019). »A new symbiotic nanoarchaeote (Candidatus Nanoclepta minutus) and its host (Zestosphaera tikiterensis gen. nov., sp. nov.) from a New Zealand hot spring«. Systematic and Applied Microbiology. Taxonomy of uncultivated Bacteria and Archaea (v angleščini). 42 (1): 94–106. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2018.08.005. ISSN 0723-2020. OSTI 1470848. PMID 30195930. S2CID 52178746.
- ↑ 17,0 17,1 Wurch, Louie; Giannone, Richard J.; Belisle, Bernard S.; Swift, Carolyn; Utturkar, Sagar; Hettich, Robert L.; Reysenbach, Anna-Louise; Podar, Mircea (5. julij 2016). »Genomics-informed isolation and characterization of a symbiotic Nanoarchaeota system from a terrestrial geothermal environment«. Nature Communications (v angleščini). 7 (1): 12115. Bibcode:2016NatCo...712115W. doi:10.1038/ncomms12115. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 4935971. PMID 27378076.
- ↑ 18,0 18,1 18,2 Rinke, Christian; Chuvochina, Maria; Mussig, Aaron J.; Chaumeil, Pierre-Alain; Davin, Adrian A.; Waite, David W.; Whitman, William B.; Parks, Donovan H.; Hugenholtz, Philip (17. februar 2021). »Resolving widespread incomplete and uneven archaeal classifications based on a rank-normalized genome-based taxonomy«. Nature Microbiology (v angleščini). 6 (7): 946–959. bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.03.01.972265. doi:10.1038/s41564-021-00918-8. PMID 34155373. S2CID 231984712.
- ↑ 19,0 19,1 19,2 Luo, Zhen-Hao; Li, Qi; Lai, Yan; Chen, Hao; Liao, Bin; Huang, Li-nan (2020). »Diversity and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Parvarchaeota Family in Acid Mine Drainage Sediments«. Frontiers in Microbiology. 11: 612257. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.612257. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 7779479. PMID 33408709.
- ↑ 20,0 20,1 20,2 Baker, Brett J.; Comolli, Luis R.; Dick, Gregory J.; Hauser, Loren J.; Hyatt, Doug; Dill, Brian D.; Land, Miriam L.; VerBerkmoes, Nathan C.; Hettich, Robert L.; Banfield, Jillian F. (11. maj 2010). »Enigmatic, ultrasmall, uncultivated Archaea«. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (v angleščini). 107 (19): 8806–8811. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.8806B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0914470107. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2889320. PMID 20421484.
- ↑ 21,0 21,1 Huber, Harald; Hohn, Michael J.; Rachel, Reinhard; Fuchs, Tanja; Wimmer, Verena C.; Stetter, Karl O. (2. maj 2002). »A new phylum of Archaea represented by a nanosized hyperthermophilic symbiont«. Nature (v angleščini). 417 (6884): 63–67. Bibcode:2002Natur.417...63H. doi:10.1038/417063a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 11986665.
- ↑ »Nanoarchaeota - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics«. www.sciencedirect.com. Pridobljeno 8. aprila 2023.
- ↑ »Nanoarchaeota - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics«. www.sciencedirect.com. Pridobljeno 8. aprila 2023.
- ↑ »Nanoarchaeota - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics«. www.sciencedirect.com. Pridobljeno 8. aprila 2023.
- ↑ Huber, Harald; Hohn, Michael J.; Rachel, Reinhard; Stetter, Karl O. (2006), Dworkin, Martin; Falkow, Stanley; Rosenberg, Eugene; Schleifer, Karl-Heinz (ur.), »Nanoarchaeota«, The Prokaryotes: Volume 3: Archaea. Bacteria: Firmicutes, Actinomycetes (v angleščini), New York, NY: Springer, str. 274–280, doi:10.1007/0-387-30743-5_14, ISBN 978-0-387-30743-5, pridobljeno 8. aprila 2023
- ↑ 26,0 26,1 26,2 Amils, Ricardo (2011), »Nanoarchaeota«, v Gargaud, Muriel; Amils, Ricardo; Quintanilla, José Cernicharo; Cleaves, Henderson James (Jim) (ur.), Encyclopedia of Astrobiology (v angleščini), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, str. 1106, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_1040, ISBN 978-3-642-11274-4, pridobljeno 8. aprila 2023
Nadaljnje branje
[uredi | uredi kodo]- Clingenpeel, Scott; Kan, Jinjun; Macur, Richard E.; Woyke, Tanja; in sod. (11. september 2013). »Yellowstone Lake Nanoarchaeota«. Frontiers in Microbiology. 4: 274. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2013.00274. PMC 3769629. PMID 24062731.
- Hohn, MJ; Hedlund BP; Huber H (2002). »Detection of 16S rDNA sequences representing the novel phylum 'Nanoarchaeota': indication for a wide distribution in high temperature biotopes«. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 25 (4): 551–554. doi:10.1078/07232020260517698. PMID 12583716.
- Huber, H; Hohn MJ; Rachel R; Fuchs T; in sod. (2002). »A new phylum of Archaea represented by a nanosized hyperthermophilic symbiont«. Nature. 417 (6884): 63–67. Bibcode:2002Natur.417...63H. doi:10.1038/417063a. PMID 11986665. S2CID 4395094.
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